sed-

    sed-

    English meaning: to sit

    Deutsche Übersetzung: ‘sitzen”

    Grammatical information: originally only aoristisch, punctual ‘sich place” (O.Ind.), later as duratives stative verb with ē-suffix ‘sit” (Lat. Gmc. balto-Slav.)

    Material: 1. O.Ind. sad- (sátsi, ásadat, Pf. sasǘ da, sēdimá , sēdivá s-, compare Av. hazdyü-t Opt.); Av. ap. had- (with Präverbien) ‘sich place” (nišaŋhasti for *nišasti); Kaus. (lengthened grade) O.Ind. südayati “ places “, Av. ni-šüδayeiti “läßt niedersitzen, places low, base”, ap. niyašüdayam “I setzte”; Arm. nstim ‘sit, put mich” (perhaps i̯o-Praes. *ni-zdi̯ō); hecanim ‘sit auf, reite” (c from d + aor. -s); Gk. ἕζομαι ‘sit, put mich” (Aor. εἷσα Hom., ἕσσαι Pind.); Kaus. ὁδεῖν, ὁδᾶν “ sell “, lit. “place” (Specht KZ. 62, 51); Lat. sedeō, -ēre, sēdi ‘sit” (present due to of originally außerpräs. stem sedē-; perf. from *se-zd-ai), Umbr. sersitu ‘sedētō”, zeřef ‘sedens”, andersesust “intersiderit”, Lat. sēdō, -üre “beruhigen” (perhaps = M.L.G. süten “beruhigen”, Wissmann nom. postv. 112, 1); O.Ir. sa(i)did (*se(i)did), ‘sitzt”, Fut. seiss (*sed-s-ti), adsuidi ‘schiebt auf, verzögert, hält auf” (Kaus. *sodei̯et; otherwise through Denom. suidigud “place” verdrängt); Welsh seddu ‘sit”; Maybe Alb.Gheg me shitë “to sell in a place” O.Ice. sit, Inf. sitia, O.S. sittiu, O.H.G. sizzu ‘sit” (= ἕζομαι, πι-έζω; Goth. sitan is probably reshuffling from *sitjan; Praet. sat, sētum), Kaus. Goth. satjan, O.Ice. setia, O.H.G. sezzen “place” (*sodei̯ō); Maybe Alb. shëtit “walk slowly over a place” Lith. *se ́dmi and se ́džiu, se ́dime (*sēd-), Inf. sėde ́ti ‘sit”, participle perf. se ́dęs (as O.Pruss. sīdons ‘sitzend”, O.C.S. sědъ), O.C.S. sěždǫ, sěděti ‘sit”; besides ě in O.Cz. seděti (: Lat. sedēre); Lith. se ́du, se ́sti, Ltv. sēst (*sēstēi) ‘sich place”, O.C.S. sěsti ds. (present sędǫ, see under), Kaus. saditi (*sōdei̯ ō) “place, pflanzen”, Lith. sodinù sodìnti “place, pflanzen”; Maybe Alb. sodit “observe, watch from a place” O.Pruss. with (*ŏ) saddinna “places”; O.C.S. sędǫ “put mich” (Inf. sěsti) based on auf secondary nasalization of *sědǫ (= Lith. se ́du); also O.Pruss. syndens, sinda(n)ts ‘sitzend” shows nasalization; s. Kuiper Nasalpräs. 192 f., where O.Ind. üsandī́ ‘seat” to ǘstē ‘sitzt” (above S. 342 f.) placed wird; 2. forms with i-reduplication: O.Ind. sī́ dati ‘sitzt” (for *sīḍ ati from redupl. *si-zd-ati, with replacement from ḍ through d after sad-); Av. hiδaiti ‘sitzt”; Gk. ἵζω “put” = Lat. sīdō “put mich” (*si-zdō), Umbr. sistu “consīditō”, andersistu “*intersīditō” (*si-zd-etōd); 3. nominal formation: *sed-to- in O.Ind. sattá- “gesessen”, Av. pasuš-hasta- m. “ hurdle (*settlement) for small cattle”, Lat. ob-sessus etc., O.Ice. O.E. sess m. ‘seat”, compare also Lith. participle se ́stas and Lith. sóstas m. ‘seat”, O.Pruss. sosto f. “ bench “; *sed-ti in O.Ind. satti- “das Sitzen”, níṣatti- “das Sitzen, seat”, Av. ni-šasti- “Begattung”, Lat. sessiō ‘sitzung”, from *sessis; O.Ind. sáttar- m. the ‘sitzer”, Lat. ad-, ob-, pos-sessor; maybe Alb. (*sess), shesh “plain, flatness, square”. O.Ind. sádas- n. ‘seat, place, abode, residence”, Gk. ἕδος n. ‘seat”; Av. O.Pers. hadiš- “Wohnsitz, palace” (IE -ǝs or -is); lengthened grade O.Ice. sǣ tr (*sütiz) n. ‘seat, Sommersitz, Alm”; O.Ir. sīd “peace”, originally n. es-stem, identical with sīd n. es-stem “dwelling göttlicher creature “ (compare Eng. settlement); o-grade: O.Ir. suide n. (*sodi̯om) ‘seat, sit” = Lat. solium “throne”; noun actionis sē̆ d- in: O.Ind. acc. sádam, dat. sáde, with ē-extension in Lat. sēdēs f. ‘seat”(sēdibus = Lith. Inf. sėde ́-ti: 1 pl. se ́di-me), Umbr. sersi “in sēdē”; noun agentis as 2. compound part: O.Ind. apsu-ṣád- “the in den Wassern dwells “, Av. maiδyōi-šüδǝm (acc.) “the in the Withte dwells “; Lat. prae-ses “Vorsitzender”, dē-ses “idle” = O.Ir. deïd ds. (iinflection secondary), to deëss “ sluggishness “ (*de-sed-tü); with Lat. subsidium “Unterstũtzung” compare O.Ir. fothae m. n. “base” from *upo-sodi̯om, to O.Ir. suide; O.Ice. set n. “erhöhter bottom”, pl. sjǫt “dwelling”, O.E. set n. ‘seat, lair, stall, Sonnenuntergang”, O.H.G. sez n. ‘seat, seat, buttocks, Belagerung”; Welsh sedd f. ‘seat” (*sedü); hedd m. “peace” (*sedos); M.Bret. hezaff “cease”, M.Corn. hathy ds.; gor-sedd “ throne, hill”; eistedd ‘sitzen”, O.Bret. estid ‘sedile” (*eks-dī-sedo-), Gaul. essedum, -a “zweirädriger Kriegswagen” (with *en-, compare Gk. ἔν-εδρον, ἐν-έδρα “Hinterhalt”, O.Ir. in-dessid “insīdit”; skyth. VN “Εσσηδόνες); Gk. ἕδρα ‘seat” O.Ice. setr n. ‘seat, Sitzen”: lok. ἑλλά̄ καθέδρα Hes. = Lat. sella (*sed-lü) ‘stuhl seat”, Gaul. sedlon ‘seat”, Goth. sitls, O.E. setl n.; O.H.G. sezzal m. ‘seat, seat” (*sed-lo-); nsorb. sedlo ‘seat”; but O.C.S. sedlo ‘saddle” is *sedъlo, compare O.C.S. o-sedъlati ‘satteln”, Arm. etɫ “place” (in addition auchteɫi “place”); O.S. sethal m. ‘sitzen, seat”, dat. sedle “(to) Sonnenuntergang”, O.H.G. sethal, sedal n. m. ‘seat, Wohnsitz, site” (IE *sétlo- from *sedtlo); therefrom O.H.G. sidilo “agricola”, M.H.G. sidilen ‘siedeln”; Gmc. *saðulǝ- in: O.Ice. sǫðull, O.E. sadol, O.H.G. satul, satal ‘saddle” is East IE Lw. (?); compare above Slav. *sedъlo from *sedu-lo- n.; besides (in ar. geneuertes = renamed, has changed???) *sed-tlom in Av. hastra- n. “congregation, meeting” = O.Ind. sattrá- n. “Feier, festival”. Maybe Alb. stol “throne” : Lat. solium “ throne”. lengthened gradee formations: O.Ind. südá - m. “das Sitzen”, südí n- “(aufsitzend =) reitend, equestrian “ (compare also Russ. vsádnik “ equestrian “), O.Ice. süt f. “Hinterhalt”, O.E. sǣ t ds., O.H.G. -süza (in place names) “Wohnsitz”, M.H.G. süze f. ‘seat, domicile, Hinterhalt”, i̯o-adj. O.Ice. sǣ tr “zum Sitzen geeignet”, see above whereof sǣ ti under ‘seat, Heuhaufe” = O.H.G. gisüzi ‘seat, buttocks “; urBalt *sōsta- ‘seat” (*sōd-to-) in Lith. sóstas m. ‘seat”, O.Pruss. sosto f. “ bench “, compare O.Ice. sess n. ‘seat” above S. 885; O.C.S. prě- sěda “insidiae”; with ō: Welsh hawdd “light” = Corn. hueth “ peaceful “ (Loth RC 36, 162); Welsh sawdd “depth, Absinken”; O.Ice. O.E. sōt ‘smut” (“Angesetztes”); Lith. súodžiai pl., Ltv. suõdrẽji ‘smut”, Bulg. sážda f., Cz. sáze (*sōdi̯ o-) unclear O.Ir. sūide f., Welsh huddygl, Bret. huzel ‘smut”; O.C.S. sadъ “Pflanzung” (*sōdu-); 4. More or less verdunkelte compositions: O.Ind. nḗ dīyas- “näher”, nḗ diṣ ṭ ha- “nächst” = Av. nazdyō adv. “(spacial) näher an-”, nazdišta- “the nächste”, Av. ašna- adj. “nahe” (*ō̆-zd-na-, participle perf. pass., compare full grade O.Ind. ǘsanna- “nahe”). ni-zd-os, -оm “nest” (prefix ni- “low, base”, or “ein-” as “place zum Nieder- or Einsitzen”): O.Ind. nīḍ á - m. n. “Ruheplatz, lair “, Arm. nist “Lage, seat, Residenz”, Lat. nīdus “nest”, M.Ir. net “nest”, Welsh nyth “nest, dwelling”, Corn. neid, Bret. nez, neiz ds., O.H.G. O.E. nest n. “nest”; Maybe zero grade of Alb.Gheg (*neid) me ndejt “to sit” : Corn. neid “nest”. with popular etymology Umgestaltungen Lith. lìzdas, Ltv. ligzda, O.C.S. gnězdo “nest”; identical prefix in O.Ind. niṣīdati “ places sich”, Av. nišhiδaiti, ар. niyašüdayam, Arm. nstim, see above; o-zdos “(ansitzender) twig, branch, bough”, see there (ozdo-s); also Gk. ὄζος “ fellow, servant” from *o-zdos “*Beisitzer”; or rather to B. *sed-? pi-s(e)d- “daraufsitzen = press”: O.Ind. pīḍ ayati (*pi-zd-ei̯ō) “presses, oppressed, afflicts” (perf. pipīḍ ḗ ; pīḍ ü “Druck, pain”), Gk. πιέζω “push, press” (*πι-σεδι̯ω). B. *sed- in the meaning “go”, from connection with Präfixen originated. O.Ind. ü-sad- “hintreten, hingehen, gelangen”, ut-sad- ‘sich zur Seite begeben, disappear”, Av. pazdayeiti “verscheucht (makes go away, pass over”), Av. ара-had- ‘sich wegsetzen, ausweichen”, üsnaoiti (*ō-zd-neu-ti) “geht heran” (see 886 ü̆sna-); Gk. ὁδός “way”, ὁδίτης “Wanderer”, ὁδεύω “wandere”; O.C.S. chodъ “ gait “, choditi “go”; ablaut. šьdъ “gegangen”; Slav. ch- from IE s-probably at first behind pri- and u- originated. Here perhaps as compound with one to Pron. k̂о-, k̂i̯o- (above S. 609) respective adv. *k̂i̯e-: Av. syazd- “zurũcktreten vor, aufgeben”, sīždyamnü “zurũckweichende”, siždyō “aufgebend”, sī̆ ždra- ‘shy” and Lat. cēdo (*k̂e-zd-ō) ‘schreite einher; weiche, give after”, as well as necesse “notwendig”, whether (?) from *ne-kezd-ti-s “es is kein Ausweichen”. Root sed- : (to sit) derived from Root ē̆s- : (to sit).

    References: WP. II 483 ff., WH. II 507 ff., 511, EM2 917 ff., Trautmann 248, 258 ff., 273.